Dementia risk can ‘increase’ with use of common medications, scientists warn

Scientists have cautioned that the risk of dementia could potentially increase with the use of common medications, according to a recent study conducted by the University of Nottingham. The research revealed that the regular intake of drugs commonly used to treat bladder conditions, Parkinson’s disease, and depression could significantly raise the risk of developing dementia later in life. Specifically, the study found that individuals aged 55 and over who had been taking anticholinergic medication daily for three years or more faced an almost 50% higher risk of developing dementia.

Dr James Pickett, Head of Research at Alzheimer’s Society, highlighted the implications of the study findings by stating that while current guidelines advise against prescribing anticholinergic drugs to frail older patients due to their impact on memory and cognitive function, doctors should now consider these risks for middle-aged and older individuals as well. However, the study did not establish a definitive timeline between the initiation of these medications and the onset of dementia, raising questions about the causal relationship between them.

Anticholinergic drugs work by blocking acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that controls nerve impulses related to muscle movement and various bodily functions. While the short-term side effects of these medications, such as confusion and memory loss, are well-documented, the study suggests potential long-term implications that extend beyond immediate cognitive issues. Medications for conditions like depression, epilepsy, and psychosis were identified as increasing the likelihood of dementia, whereas other types of anticholinergic drugs, like antihistamines and gastrointestinal medications, did not show the same elevated risk.

The study involved an analysis of medical records from over 58,700 individuals over the age of 55 diagnosed with dementia and compared them to approximately 225,500 patients without the condition. Antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, and epilepsy medications were highlighted as posing a higher risk of dementia development, prompting the need for caution among healthcare providers when prescribing such drugs with anticholinergic properties. It is recommended that patients concerned about their medication should consult their healthcare provider to discuss potential alternatives and not discontinue their treatment abruptly, as this could have adverse consequences.

Professor Coupland, the lead researcher of the study, emphasised the importance of healthcare professionals considering the risks and benefits of strong anticholinergic drugs, particularly in the prescription of antidepressants, bladder antimuscarinic drugs, anti-Parkinson drugs, and epilepsy medications. He underscored the significance of conducting regular medication reviews to evaluate the appropriateness of treatment regimens. The study reinforces the need for a thorough assessment of the potential risks associated with certain medications and highlights the importance of ongoing monitoring and evaluation in patient care.

In summary, the research underscores the critical role healthcare providers play in assessing the risks associated with prescribing medications with anticholinergic properties and highlights the importance of considering alternative treatment options to mitigate the risk of dementia. Patients are advised to engage in open discussions with their healthcare providers regarding their medication concerns and to seek professional guidance before making any changes to their treatment regimens. Conclusively, proactive monitoring and review of medication use are essential components of quality healthcare to safeguard patients’ cognitive health in the long term.