Belly fat could predict Alzheimer’s risk 20 years early, says new study

A recent study suggests that belly fat could potentially indicate a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease up to 20 years before the onset of memory loss, according to a report from the Daily Record. While common symptoms of Alzheimer’s include memory loss and changes in behaviour, research indicates that a physical manifestation of the disease could appear on the body many years prior to cognitive signs.

Deep visceral fat surrounding important organs like the stomach, liver, and intestines has been linked to abnormal brain proteins associated with Alzheimer’s. This type of fat, often referred to as “invisible” or “hidden fat,” may show up on the body decades before other symptoms become apparent. Methods of detecting excess visceral fat include measuring waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and body shape.

A study conducted by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine involved 80 cognitively healthy adults with an average age of 49, more than half of whom were classified as obese. The participants’ body composition and brain chemistry were examined using PET and MRI scans to study the relationship between body fat and Alzheimer’s disease.

PET scans allowed researchers to observe the accumulation of amyloid and tau proteins in the brain, which are indicative of Alzheimer’s. Through MRI scans, a significant correlation was discovered between increased levels of visceral fat and elevated amyloid and tau build-up. Lead author of the study, Dr Mahsa Dolatshahi, highlighted the association between higher visceral fat and heightened levels of these proteins.

The research revealed that visceral fat accounted for 77% of the impact of high BMI on protein accumulation, whereas other types of fat did not demonstrate the same connection. Additionally, the study found links between increased insulin resistance, lower levels of HDL cholesterol (known as “good” cholesterol), and heightened brain protein accumulation. Maintaining a healthy waist circumference is crucial, with more than 35 inches for women and 40 inches for men indicating excess visceral fat.

Senior study author Dr Cyrus A Raji emphasised the significance of these findings, suggesting that managing Alzheimer’s risk in individuals with obesity should involve addressing related metabolic and lipid issues. Lifestyle changes or weight-loss interventions could potentially enhance cerebral blood flow, reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

In the UK, approximately one in four adults is classified as overweight or obese. Individuals concerned about their weight or Alzheimer’s risk are encouraged to seek advice from their GP for guidance on maintaining a healthy lifestyle and reducing visceral fat levels.